Computer Operating System - Lecture 1: General Overview - Nguyen Thanh Son

Nội dung text: Computer Operating System - Lecture 1: General Overview - Nguyen Thanh Son

1. General Overview  Introduction  Computer system stucture  Definition  Main Funtionalities of an OS  History of Computer Development  Mainframe systems  Desktop systems  Multiprocessor systems  Distributed systems  Real-time systems  Handheld systems BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 2
2. Definition Users  What is Operating System?  A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware  What is Operating System for? Applications  Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier Operating System  Make the computer system convenient to use Hardware  Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 4
3. Main Funtionalities of OS Process Management Memory Management Storage Management Mass-Storage Management To provide effective and user friendly services BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 6
4. History  Mainframes  Batch System  Multiprogrammed System  Time-sharing, multitasking System BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 8
5. Mainframe  (Mainframe) Batch systems  I/O: Punch cards, Magnetic , line printer  Operated by humain being (user operator)  To reduce the setup time by adding up many jobs in one go (one after the other as batching)  Example: adding up all programs which use the same Fortran Compiler.  Programs are automatically loaded into the system, one by one. 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 10
6. How is program run?  nd BK Structure of a typical FMS job – 2 generation TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 12
7. Multiple Jobs (tt.) BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 14
8. Multiple Jobs (tt.)  OS requirement in time-sharing systems  Memory management  Virtual memory  Process management  CPU Scheduling  Jobs (tasks) synchronization  Tasks communication  Solving deadlock problems  File system & Storage system management,  Resources allocation properly  Protection) BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 16
9. Parallel Computers  Parallel systems (parallel, multiprocessor, or tightly-coupled system)  More than one CPU (Multi-Cores)  Share the common computer bus, clock  Advantages:  System throughput: more CPU Faster proceesing  Effective use of system resources by sharing such as disks, I/O devices  Reliability: high BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 18
10. Parallel Computer (cont.)  Classification of parallel systems  Symmetric multiprocessor – SMP  Each processor run by one of identical copy of OS  Communication as required to share jobs  Asymmetric-multiprocessor  Each processor executes its own jobs that my be different  A Master processor schedules and distributes jobs to all others called slave processors BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 20
11. Distributed Systems (cont.)  Common distributed system models:  Client-server  Server: to provide services  Client: use of services provide by servers BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 22
12. Real Time Systems  Real-time system  used in indudtry and equipements such as in sientific devices, medicine, appliances and space technology  Time constraint: hard and soft real-time Classification  Hard real-time  Soft real-time BK TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 24
13. General System Model BK by Dror G. Feitelson TP.HCM 07-Feb-17 Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering 26