Đề tài Responsible tourism impact monitoring for sustainability

Nội dung text: Đề tài Responsible tourism impact monitoring for sustainability

1. Unit outline Objectives Topics By the end of the unit participants will be able to: 1. Overview of • Explain how to apply research skills and analyse responsible tourism captured data impact monitoring for sustainability • Explain how to design success criteria and performance indicators for monitoring and 2. Planning & organising a evaluating tour products and services monitoring programme • Explain how to interpret research output on impacts 3. Developing monitoring of tourism products and services indicators • Explain how to implement principles of continuous 4. Implementing , improvement in monitoring and product adapting & improving a development monitoring programme
2. The role and importance of tourism impact monitoring • Tourism markets and destinations are always changing • Monitoring is critical for evaluating and managing change • Monitoring helps: – Improve understanding about the effects of tourism – Identify where improvement is needed and where change is occurring – Enable destinations and businesses to remain competitive 4
3. Key characteristics of responsible tourism impact monitoring for sustainability 3. Requires SMART target setting
4. 2. Responsible tourism impact monitoring ensures sustainable tourism objectives are met Economic objectives Social objectives Environmental objectives
5. 4. Responsible tourism impact monitoring considers the concerns of key stakeholders Others Authorities Communities Business
6. The benefits of responsible tourism impact monitoring Progress & effectiveness Policy-making Decision- & advocacy making Accountability IMPACT MONITORING BENEFITS Planning
7. Implementing a responsible tourism impact monitoring programme of sustainability PLANNING & ORGANISING IMPLEMENTING A ADAPTING & DEVELOPING A MONITORING MONITORING IMPROVING THE MONITORING INDICATORS PROGRAMME PROGRAMME MONITORING PROGRAMME • Establish a monitoring • Review existing • Evaluate feasibility and steering committee or indicators data collection group • Shortlist and select methods Learn and adapt from • Plan a monitoring indicators • Collect and analyse wins and losses programme data • Communicate and report results TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4
8. Preparing for a tourism impact monitoring programme of sustainability 1. Establish a tourism monitoring steering committee 2. Plan the tourism or group monitoring programme of sustainability
9. Involve stakeholders according to where they fit best into the monitoring process PLANNING DEVELOPMENT DATA COLLECTION IMPLEMENTATION PHASE PHASE PHASE PHASE Local officials, planners, Community members for Community members Multi-stakeholder group development assessment of key issues and tourism industry consultants, donor and indicators representatives agencies, community groups
10. 2. Planning a tourism impacts monitoring programme of sustainability • Important that the monitoring programme clearly understands its need, purpose and scope before starting work • Key requirements include: A. Agreement B. Good co- on need ordination C. Set vision, D. Consensus goals and on what will objectives be monitored
11. B. Establishing effective co-ordination of the tourism impacts monitoring programme • Invite members with • Ensure structure is inclusive, knowledge and skills accountable and transparent P required P but also effective • Agree on leadership position • Consider need for additional structural components P or examine other options P according to collaboration size • Ensure structure meets the needs of the tasks, members • Determine functioning rules P and stakeholder groups P
12. Example of tourism sustainability goals and objectives GOAL OBJECTIVE • Reduce the proportion of people living below the poverty line to less than 10% in To contribute to poverty 5 years alleviation in XX village • Increase the number of people employed in tourism by 25% in 3 years To encourage extensive • Ensure 100% households have access to running water in 2 years local participation in community-based • To increase the number and range of community members attending planning tourism meetings • To increase the number of opportunities for involving stakeholders in CBT • Increase the number of women involved in tourism planning to 50% or more of all To improve the situation those residents involved for women in XX village • Increase the number of women entrepreneurs working in tourism • Increase the proportion of women in supervisory positions to 25% or more Our goal How we will achieve it (SMART) Source: SNV Vietnam & the University of Hawaii, School of Travel Industry Management 2007, A Toolkit for Monitoring and Managing Community-based Tourism , SNV Vietnam & the University of Hawaii, USA
13. Example of scopes of study in a tourism monitoring programme of sustainability Environ- Socio- mental cultural issues Economic issues issues Environ- VILLAGE mental issues Economic Environ- issues Economic mental issues issues Socio- Subject Socio- cultural related cultural issues issues scope TOWN REGION Geographical scope
14. UNIT 8. RESPONSIBLE TOURISM IMPACT MONITORING FOR SUSTAINABILITY TOPIC 3. DEVELOPING MONITORING INDICATORS Picture source: Pixabay,
15. The focus of indicators at different levels in the tourism sector • To detect broad changes in tourism at the national level, compare with other nations, provide a baseline for the National level identification of changes at more localized levels and support broad level strategic planning • As input into regional plans and protection processes, to Regional level serve as a basis for comparison between regions and to provide information for national level planning processes • To identify key elements of assets, state of the tourism Destination level sector, risks, and performance • For decisions on site control, management and future Tourist site level development of tourist attractions where management level indicators can support site planning and control Tourism companies • To feed strategic planning process for destinations, To & establishments monitor the impact and performance of their operation Source: World Tourism Organization 2004, Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations: A Guidebook , World Tourism Organisation, Madrid, Spain
16. Impact type vs. Indicator type Quantitative Raw data indicators Ratio Environmental impacts Percentage Social impacts Category indices Economic impacts Qualitative Normative indicators indicators Nominal indicators Opinion-based indicators IMPACT TYPE OF INDICATOR TYPE OF MEASURE
17. Selecting effective tourism sustainability indicators Consider set of key Use participatory issues defined in approach to the scoping evaluate and exercise prioritise issues Agreed list of key Ensure input from issues for which all key stakeholders indicators can be developed
18. Example of tourism indicator development process for sustainability KEY SUSTAINABILITY COMPONENTS OF INDICATORS ISSUE ISSUE Waste Number hotels with a management recycling programme Environmental Number of threatened protection or extinct species as percentage of all known species Biodiversity protection Perceived value of forest resources to tourism
19. Example of environmental and economic sustainability indicators in tourism ENVIRONMENTAL Number of threatened or extinct species as percentage of all known species Perceived value of forest resources to tourism Number of days tourists spend on nature tourism activities out of total number of days Number of hotels with environmental policy Environmental awareness campaigns conducted Number hotels recycling 25% or more of their waste products Demand/supply ratio for water Number of hotels with 50% or more of total toilets as dual flush % of energy consumption from renewable resources ECONOMIC Average wage rates in tourism jobs rural/ urban Number of local people employed in tourism (men and women) Revenues generated by tourism as % of all revenues generated in the community % of visitors who overnight in local tourist accommodation % of hotels with a majority local staff % of GDP provided by tourism Change in number of visitor arrivals Average tourist length of stay New tourism businesses as a percentage of all new businesses
20. Good practice in setting effective tourism indicators Ensure you start with only a few key variables Ensure indicators identify conditions or outputs of Ensure indicators are tourism development easy to measure Ensure indicators are descriptive rather than evaluative
21. Example of method to shortlist indicators INDICATOR RELEVANCE CLARITY CREDIBILITY COMPARABILITY FEASIBILITY % of tourism operators who provide day care to employees with children PPOPP % of tourism operators who have commitments regarding equal gender opportunity PPOPP Women/men as a % of all tourism employment PPPPP % women / men employees sent on training programmes PPPPP Satisfaction with volume of tourists visiting the destination POPPP
22. The 4 key steps in implementing a tourism sustainability monitoring programme 1. Assess feasibility & data 2. Collect & analyse data 3. Communicate results 4. Review & improve collection methods • Data components • Collection • Styles of • Review • Sources of data • Analysis communication • Improve • Responsibilities • Methods of • Collection methods communication Image sources: Pixabay,
23. Dissect indicators to identify data components required for collection Identify the range of data sets required to make an assessment of an indicator Example: Data on the total number of hotels in the destination % of hotels in a destination who employ a majority of local staff Employment data for each hotel indicating % local and % migrant workers SOCIAL INDICATOR DATA SETS REQUIRED
24. Tips for assessing the value of secondary source information Who is the Are the rules Is the data organisation ? of sampling accurate ? followed? Are they biased ? Is it pertinent to the problem? Are there well Is it defined units of authorised ? measurement? Adapted from: Goeldner, C. & Brent Ritchie, J. 2009, Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies , John Wiley & Sons, USA
25. 2. Selecting appropriate data collection methods in tourism Questionnaires & interviews Visitor books Insight into opinions Visitors’ and actions experiences Careful sample May not be selection required statistically valid Requires research Observation expertise Focus-group Overview of a meetings situation Overall conditions Gauge success or & impacts of tourism failure of actions Requires careful Evidential selection & moderation Picture sources: Pixabay,
26. Poorly written survey questions TIP BAD PRACTICE GOOD PRACTICE Avoid jargon Are you visiting for VFR ? purposes? Use simple What is the frequency of ? language utilisation of retail travel agents? Avoid Do you visit attractions often? ? ambiguity Avoid Are you against the extension of ? leading the airport? questions Ask one Have you visited the tourist ? question at a information centre, and if so time what do you think of the service?
27. The STCRC’s tips for reducing data collection costs • Use existing • Get stakeholder collection support beforehand P instruments P • Use innovative • Prepare well your ways in data data collection P P collection • Limit and pre test • Start small P questions P Adapted from: Carson, D., Richards, F. & Tremblay, P. (undated), Local level data collection: ‘Know your patch’ kit , Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Australia
28. Examples of baselines, benchmarks and thresholds Establishing a baseline Using a benchmark • A survey was conducted in 2014 which • In 2015 a repeat survey was conducted established that 15% of households in a which recorded that 25% of households village had running water had running water • This forms the baseline for household • This shows a positive change of 10% access to running water in the destination against the Year 1 baseline Comparing to thresholds • In terms of access to running water, anything less than 100% requires action • If however, the study was of the amount of protected forest in a community, 40% might be an acceptable target depending on the year 1 benchmark
29. 3. Communicating tourism impacts monitoring programme results PRINCIPLES IN • There is no point in doing a COMMUNICATING RESULTS monitoring programme if no one finds out about the results • Stakeholders and decision Consider the needs of the makers need to hear about the potential user results so they can take action • Results should presented to help Portray the stakeholders reinforce positive results as simply actions or remedy problem as possible situations
30. 4. Adapting and improving the tourism impacts monitoring programme • Situations change so regular reviews should take place to ensure the monitoring programme remains effective and meaningful • Review of successes and failures should be conducted by the steering committee after each campaign • Consult stakeholders to obtain opinions on data usefulness and strategies for improvement
31. UNWTO checklist of issues in the re-evaluation indicator effectiveness 2/2 Assessment of indicator effectiveness
    Are there new issues which have arisen and which require indicators?
    Is information now available which could permit indicators which were too difficult to produce, but which were seen as important, to be added?
    Is there evidence of outcomes which have been influenced by indicators use?
    What are the barriers, if any, which have prevented optimal use of the indicators? 62