FE 02-04 Rotating Components

Nội dung text: FE 02-04 Rotating Components

1. Rotating Components • Swivel • Kelly or Top Drive System • Drillstring • Bit
2. Swivel • Bail of the swivel is attached to the hook of the traveling block • Gooseneck provides a downward- pointing connection for the rotary hose
3. Upper and Lower Kelly Cocks • Both can be closed to shut off the well pressure coming from inside the drillstring • The upper kelly cock is recognizable as the bulge on the upper part of the kelly • The lower kelly cock or drill stem valve is usually made up between the lower end of the kelly and the top of the drill pipe joint; used when the upper kelly cock is hard to reach (i.e. when a connection is being made)
4. Kelly and Master Bushings • Kelly or drive bushing fits via 4 large steel pins into the master bushing or rotary bushing and it is through which the kelly passes. • Master bushing is part of the rotary table and it mates with the kelly bushing and transmits the rotary action of the rotary table to the kelly bushing which inturns rotates the kelly and drill string.
5. Top Drive System • Saves time on connections and trips by allowing drilling with 3 joints at a time • Ability to quickly rotate and circulate while tripping in or out of the hole thereby reducing chance of stuck pipe • Eliminates the need to “pick up” the cumbersome swivel/kelly combination
6. Motor Housing and Swivel Assembly
7. Pipe Handler Assembly • Can make or break drill pipe at any height in the derrick • Includes two sets of IBOP valves that connect to the end of the drive stem
8. Pipe Handler Assembly
9. Miscellaneous Rig Floor Equipment • Slips • Tongs • Spinning Wrench • Power Tongs • Kelly Spinner • Power slips • Air Hoist • Lifting Subs • Pipe Washer • Mud Box • Protectors
10. Tongs • Used for tightening and loosening drill pipe and drill collars • 2 sets: • Make-up tongs: located on driller’s side • Breakout tongs: opposite driller
11. Power Tongs • In breaking a connection power tongs are used to loosen the pin from the box before the spinning wrench is used. • In making up a connection, the spinning wrench is first used to initially tighten the connection. The power tongs are then used to torque up the joint or stand.
12. Spinning Chain • Used by roughnecks to cause pipe being screwed together to turn rapidly • Use has been cause of a lot of accidents
13. Air Hoist • Used to load and unload pipe, tubing and equipment using compressed air • May lift objects from 1000 to 10000 pounds • Also called automatic winch
14. Mud Box • A mud box is a case that closes around a stand of wet pipe coming out of the hole • Helps keep the mud from spewing all over the crew and the rig floor by directing the mud back into the mud pits
15. Protectors • Thread protectors are used on drill pipes and drill collars to protect threads and shoulders from damage • Stabbing protectors guide the stand of drill pipe that is being stabbed to make a connection. They protect tool joint threads and shoulders • Pipe protectors keep tool joints from rubbing against the casing
16. Bottom Hole Assembly: Functions • Protects the drill pipe from excessive bending and torsional loads • Controls direction and inclination in directional holes • Drill more vertical and straighter holes • Reduces severities of doglegs, key seats and ledges • Assures that casing can be run in hole • Increases drill bit performance • Reduces rough drilling (rig and DS vibrations) • As a tool in fishing, testing, and workover operations • Not to place too much weight on the drill bit
17. Drill Collar • Heavy, thick-walled tubular pieces made of carbon steel or non-magnetic nickel-copper alloy that have boxes and pins cut into them • Appx 30’ long 1 • OD’s from 3 /8 to 11 inches • Most are round and some are spiralled • Spiralled drill collars are used chiefly in smaller-diameter holes and in directional drilling. They provide a passage for mud to exit and thereby relieve the pressure differential and prevent differential sticking.
18. Pendulum Effect • The pendulum effect is the tendency of the drill string to hang in a vertical position due to the force of gravity.
19. Tool Joint • The enlarged and threaded ends of joints of drill pipe which are fabricated separately from the pipe body and welded onto the pipe. • Have a higher strength than the steel of the tube body
20. Heavyweight Drill Pipe (HWDP) • Body weight is 2 – 3 times greater than standard drill pipe • Has longer tool joints than drill pipe • Increases performance and depth capabilities of small rigs in shallow drilling areas • Provides cost savings in directional wells by reducing drilling torque
21. Crossover Sub • Used to link different sizes and types of pipe
22. Bumper Sub • The bumper sub has a telescoping joint to help maintain a constant weight-on-bit (WOB) and still keep the drillstring in tension when drilling from a floater
23. Stabilizers
24. Bit Sub • A short sub with a box on both ends • Allows the bit to be joined to the drillstring
25. Drag Bits • Earliest drill bit design (along with fishtail bit) • Shear and scrape soft formation • Could not be used to drill harder formations • The bit body has a central hole • Blades are wing-shaped with thinner cutting edges either 3- way or 4-way design
26. Milled-Tooth Bit • Have steel teeth that have been milled on the cones • Teeth may be long, slender and widely spaced for drilling “soft” formations or short and broad for drilling hard formations
27. Insert or Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) Bits • Tungsten carbide inserts (teeth) are pressed into the cones • Specially designed for use in hard abrasive formations like limestones, dolomites, granites • Long chisel shapes for firm formations to short round buttons for hard, brittle formations • Diamond gage chisel insert is the latest development
28. Diamond Bit Parts • Diamonds: – Boart-grade held in place by the matrix – Embedded into the bottom and sides of the bit • Matrix: – Solid powdered tungsten carbide composite matrix body that is bonded to the shank and holds the diamonds • Shank – Made of steel
29. Diamond Bit: Disadvantages • High cost • Slow ROP • Unresponsive to changes in lithology • Poor quality of drill cuttings
30. PDC Bits: Cutting Size and Shape • Produce large, fresh, sheared cuttings with little surface damage or mechanical deformation • In very hard formations or when drilling with unsuitable drilling parameters PDC bits can produce churned and ground cuttings (almost as bad as the diamond bits)
31. Bit Breaker • Used to prevent the drill bit from turning while the bit sub on top of it is tightened or loosened • Must match the bit profile in order not to ruin the bit
32. Rig Floor
33. End of Topic