FE 02-05 Circulation Components

Nội dung text: FE 02-05 Circulation Components

1. Mud and the Circulating System 1. Suction pit 2. Mud pump 3. Standpipe 4. Swivel 5. Kelly 6. Drillstring and bit 7. Annulus 8. Return flowline / shakers 9. Suction pit
2. Mud Pits • Hold, mix and store the mud • Agitators are used to keep mud stirred up in all parts of the mud pit • 2 types of agitators: – Mud gun – Mechanical agitators – more efficient
3. Mud Pit On Onshore Rig
4. Duplex Mud Pump • Double-acting, reciprocating pumps that pump on both forward and backward piston strokes • Not many duplex pumps in operation today
5. Standpipe • The standpipe is a steel pipe mounted vertically on one side of the mast (1/3 height of mast) • Functions: – Allows the vertical movements of the drill string – Allows mud to move from the mud lines coming out from the mud pump to the rotary hose – Suspend the rotary hose so that it is clear of the rig floor when the kelly/swivel or top drive system nears the rotary table
6. Mud Conditioning Equipment • Shale shakers • Hydroclones (desanders, desilters) • Decanting centrifuge • Mud cleaner • Vacuum degassers • Mixing Hopper
7. Shale Shaker Shale shaker Possum belly Flowline
8. Centrifugal Separation Devices • Decanting centrifuges • Hydroclones
9. Centrifuge Cross Section
10. Hydroclones • Conical solids separation devices in which hydraulic energy is converted to centrifugal force in order to separate the solids from the rotating fluid. Heavier solids are thrown against the walls of the hydroclone and fall through the apex at the bottom. Most of the liquid and lighter solids exit at the vortex finder at the top. • Not recommended for fluids that contain significant amounts of weighting materials or muds that have expensive fluid phases • Often used on low-weight, water-based muds to remove coarse drilled solids • 2 types: – Desander – Desilter
11. Desanders • Consist of a battery of 6-inch or larger cones • The minimum size particles that can be removed are in the range of 40 microns (with 6-inch cones)
12. Mud Cleaner • Combines a desilter with a screen device • Removes solids using a two-stage process – Desilter processes the drilling fluid – A high-energy, fine-mesh screen shaker processes the discharge from the desilter • Recommended for muds containing significant amounts of weighting materials or having expensive fluid phases
13. Degasser • Removes the gas from the mud before it is recirculated down the hole • Gas-cut mud is mud containing gas and It should not be recirculated down the hole because it decreases the density of the mud, which could lead to a blowout • 2 types: – Mud-gas separators – for high-pressure gas and mudflows during kicks – Vacuum degassers – for separating entrained gas
14. Mixing Hopper • Used to add powdered chemicals and materials, as well as solids, needed by the mud • The jet hopper is the most common hopper in use